Student Visas Explained: The F-1 Process and Common Requirements

What the F-1 visa is for

The F-1 is the main visa category for full-time academic study at a SEVP-approved US school, from language programs through graduate degrees.

Step 1: get accepted and receive your I-20

You first need acceptance from a SEVP-certified school, which issues a Form I-20 confirming your enrollment and program details — this is required before you can apply for the visa itself.

Step 2: pay the SEVIS fee and apply

Applicants pay a separate SEVIS I-901 fee, then complete the visa application and schedule a consular interview at a US embassy or consulate.

Step 3: the visa interview

Officers typically focus on your ties to your home country, your ability to fund your studies, and your intent to return after completing the program — since F-1 is a nonimmigrant (temporary) visa.

Working while on an F-1

F-1 status allows limited on-campus work, and off-campus work only under specific programs like CPT (Curricular Practical Training) and OPT (Optional Practical Training), each with its own rules and timing.

What happens after graduation

Many F-1 students transition to OPT for temporary work authorization in their field, and some later pursue an H-1B or another status if they want to stay longer-term.